Kidneys are bean shaped organs situated in the upper abdomen, posteriorly. There are 2 kidneys, one on each side.

Their main function is to excrete toxic metabolites through urine. The other functions include production of hormones to aid in red blood cell production, and maintaining electrolyte and water balance in the body, and they control blood pressure by controlling certain hormones.

Kidneys can have numerous diseases. In younger age group, they can have developmental anomalies in the form of dysplasia or obstruction or reflux, which can adversely damage their function. Occasionally, children may have kidney stones with infection.

In adolescents and adults, they can develop infection, stones or obstruction. In many, the kidneys are indirectly affected due to obstruction or diseases which are beyond the kidneys.

In elderly patients, the kidneys may get affected by stones, obstruction and indirectly due to diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The kidneys may develop malignancy (cancer) in elderly group.

Kidney Diseases

Kidneys can get affected in a number of ways.

In childhood, congenital problems like

• Pelviureteric junction obstruction
• Vesicoureteral reflux
• Obstructed megaureter

In adult age group, diseases like

• Stone disease
• Obstruction
• Infection
• Tumors of kidneys
• Decreased kidney function
• Renal arterial diseases
• Chyluria ( Passing white urine)

Urological Services Offered For Kidneys Diseases

I perform all Open, Endoscopic, Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgeries for Kidney diseases.
Examples of commonly performed surgeries for kidney diseases include:

• Pyeloplasty- both open and Robot assisted Laparoscopic approach
• PerCutaneousNephroLithotomy- using conventional, and MINI PERC
• Nephrectomy- by Laparoscopic, Robot assisted or by Open techniques
• Partial Nephrectomy By Robot assisted Laparoscopic technique or Open technique
• Pyelolithotomy
• RIRS: Retrograde Intra Renal Surgery by Flexible Ureterorenoscope
• Renal Cyst Surgery-by laparoscopy
• Redo surgery of previously done kidney surgeries, if indicated

I have received formal training for Robotic Surgery at the USA.

Please note that after many kinds of kidney surgery, it is necessary to insert a Double J stent, into the kidney and the ureter. It needs to be removed by

scopy after 2-6 weeks, depending on the case.